The Principal Parts of Verbs

In English grammar, the term principal parts  describes the basic forms of a verb including the base or infinite, the past tense or preterite and the past participle. From the base form, one can derive the third-person singular -s form in words like looks and sees and the present participle -ing in words like looking and seeing, with some textbooks regarding the present participle as a fourth principal part of a verb. Irregular verbs may have three, four, or five forms, though, depending on whether or not a form is used for two or three form types. For all except the verb be, which may be unpredictable, the s- and -ing participle are always available and its alteration of the base acts predictably. Understanding Principal Parts of Regular and Irregular Verbs In order for new English learners to best understand how not to make mistake when conjugating irregular verbs, one must first grasp the concept of the principal parts of regular verbs. In most cases, verbs will change uniformly when -ed, -s, and -ing are added, keeping their original form spelling but changing the tense of the verb. However, irregular verbs, which defy the usual pattern, often change spelling entirely depending on tense, especially in the case of forms of the verb be. Roy Peter Clark uses the examples of lie and lay and run in The Glamour of Grammar: A Guide to the Magic and Mystery of Practical English. For run, Clark states, the simple past, we know, is not runned...the principal parts are run, ran, run. In this case, the irregular verb has its own rules. If you are confused about the correct principal part of a verb, its best to consult a dictionary. In the case of regular verbs, only one form will be given, but irregular verbs will give the second and third parts after the verb such as it does for the words go, went, and gone. Primary and Perfect Tenses The principal parts of verbs effectively carry a sense of time with their use, but the manner in which they convey  the action of the verb determines which tense classification linguists and grammarians categorize them as either primary or perfect in either the present, past, or future tenses. In the primary tenses, an action is considered ongoing, even if it occurred in the past or future tense. Take the verb call as an example. For the present tense, one would say today, I call, while in the past primary tense, one would say I called and in future would say I will call. On the other hand, perfect tenses describe actions that have already been completed. As Patricia Osborn puts it in How Grammar Works: A Self-Teaching Guide, verbs in this tense are called perfect because anything perfect is complete, and the perfect tenses stress an action at its completion. In the example of call, one would say Before now, I have called, for present perfect, I had called for past perfect and I will have called in the future perfect tense.

Earth and Its People Edition 3 Chapter 7 Outline - 2391 Words

The Impact of the Silk Road †¢ The Silk Road at first caused many pastoral groups to form. Eventually, rich families did settleand build large establishments. †¢ The Silk Road allowed the spread of religions ( see chart above ) such as Nestorian Christianity,Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism. †¢ The stirrup spread though out the Silk Road. It allowed riders to be much more stable and thuscaused military innovation. i.e. the superiority of the Tang calvary in China. The Indian Ocean Maritime System †¢ The Indian Ocean Maritime System was a society of seafarers established across the IndianOcean and South China Sea. †¢ This trade system linked a network of sea trade routes from Africa to China. The main playerswere†¦show more content†¦and (2) the thirteenth through seventeenth centuries c.e. 2. The origins of the Silk Road trade may be located in the occasional trading of Central Asian nomads. Regular, large-scale trade was fostered by the Chinese demand for western products (particularly horses) and by the Parthian state in northeastern Iran and its control of the markets in Mesopotamia. 3. In addition to horses, China imported alfalfa, grapes, and a variety of other new crops as well as medicinal products, metals, and precious stones. China exported peaches and apricots, spices, and manufactured goods including silk, pottery, and paper. | | B. The Impact of the Silk Road 1. Turkic nomads, who became the dominant pastoralist group in Central Asia, benefited from the trade. Their elites constructed houses, lived settled lives, and became interested in foreign religions including Christianity, Manicheanism, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, and (eventually) Islam. 2. Central Asian military technologies, particularly the stirrup, were exported both east and west, with significant consequences for the conduct of war. | | II. The Sasanid Empire, 224-600 CE A. Politics and Society 1. 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Induction Process for Hospitality Industry- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInduction Process for Hospitality Industry. Answer: Culture of the Work Area The hotel will be opened at 7:30 am daily; employees are expected to report at 7:00 am to get everything ready. The hotel plans on closing at 8:00 pm, and no employee should leave work before the time. All the staff in the hotel are expected to be in their working uniform at all times and maintain decency in the dressing. An employee is to be allowed only three days of holiday upon request and five days of sick leave. To be granted the sick leave, an employee should see the manager with a primary reason for leave. Employees are to take their lunch in turns from noon in the kitchen. Employees are to cater for their means of transport to get to work on time. General Ethical and Legal Considerations The hotel upholds ethical behavior of the workers, for instance, all the employees should learn to pay attention to what a customer is ordering and be polite while responding to customers. Cases of no harm and passively benefiting ethical beliefs should be avoided. Employees should avoid over charging, short-changing or charging for unused services to customers. Gain the council approval to run the hotel by attaining a license. Registering to the local authority for health and safety oversight as well as for food standards in order to comply with the law. The management needs to adhere to food and beverages laws as well as liability issues and be well conversant with food service industry rules and regulations. Other rules in consideration are service, food preparation, personnel administration and long hours. References Alatsas, P., Vlad, E. (January 01, 2015). The Application of Six Sigma in the Hospitality Industry. Films Media Group,, Video Education Australasia,. (2015).What Your Boss Wants: The Induction Process. Noe, R. A. (2013).Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

The National Summary of the economic activity and level of the nation

Entire financial life heightened slowly to an average pace since the last report of all Districts except St. Louis with a decline. According to the reports, consumer spending increased unobtrusively in this period. Consumer spending increased on a strong and average speed; during the reporting period there was an increase in retail sales in Cleveland, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, San Francisco, New York, and Boston. The cold weather affected sales in some districts. Sales from motor vehicles elevated in many districts.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The National Summary of the economic activity and level of the nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Chicago reported an increase in sales during October, which subsequently reduced in November suspecting that dealers were waiting for the end of year deals. Kansas City and Dallas had fixed order. There was stabilization of inventories in Dallas, and an incre ased the inventory levels in Kansas City. Flooding in Thailand affected Both Philadelphia and Dallas supply disruptions due to external nameplates. Business service plan bounced around a flat line since the last report. Bank lending rather added on than the final report and rapid growth in home refinancing growing. Manufacturing activity spread out, energy and mining sectors raised across the country also a reported markup of oil exploration in, Kansas City, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Dallas, and Cleveland increase in gas extraction. In Richmond, tourism showed no increase, but there were higher expectations in Dallas airlines to accommodate increased demand (Beige book). There was a discrepancy in the changes of credit standards and quality across Districts. There was an increase in Philadelphia, but a reasonable rate and an improving credit quality in Kansas. All the real estate activities remained inactive. Chicago and Minneapolis had an even corn yield with a decreased soybean production. Wages and salaries remained fixed across Districts. However, in Cleveland there was discrimination as some drivers hired their relatives for the job openings available. In Chicago district Consumer spending Increased in October and at the beginning of November. The Increase in sales during the reporting period resulted from the increased sales marketing. There was a kind of markup of auto sales in October which slowed in November. However, there were expectations for retailers to use long promotional periods and excessive discounting to steady up the volumes for the holiday shopping. In Construction and Real Estate, there was a decrease in construction activity, in October and the creation of November there was unobtrusively growth in nonresidential constructions than the reduced real estate conditions. Agriculture in was a decrease in the yield of the crops. Nevertheless, soybeans and corn were the most harvested in the district during the period of the report. Comparin g the grain harvest and the soy beans, the corn was leading than soybeans compared to the previous year. Meaning soybeans had a greater reduction than corn. Farmers anticipated higher prices for the crops in the future, so they stored in increased quantity.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the above information, there it is clear that Kansas area is better off than Chicago district. In Kansas, the consumer spending has grown with future expectations for the months ahead opposed to Chicago where the growth only increased in October and reduced at the beginning of November. In terms of constructions and real estate, there were more expectations for home sales than previous months compared to Chicago where there is a reduced number of constructions. Therefore, may prediction for the next nine to twelve months Kansas will have a better overall performance than Chicago (The Conference Board Consumer). The consumer confidence index in the past few months reduced to 40.9 in October improved again in November up to 56.0 (1985=100). The Index marked up from 27.1 to 38.3 percent. While expectation Index heightened to 67.8 from 50.0. The trust has hit off to the previous summer’s levels and the current conditions improved after six months of reduction. Besides a decrease, in customer’s commendation for field conditions as they enter the holidays the readings will remain weak. The present day customer valuation improved in November. Good starting business conditions grew from 11.2 percent to 13.3 percent. While those of â€Å"bad† ones reduced from 43.7 percent to 38.2. There were those claiming of abundant of job increasing from 3.6 to 5.8 percent and those of lack of job reducing from 46.9 to 42.1 percent. The anticipation for improvement in business conditions improved from 10.2 to 13.6 percent over the next six months. Those exp ecting the worse reduced from 21.3 to 15.8 percent compared to those anticipating for adequate of jobs months in the future increasing from 10.8 to 12.9 percent. Those anticipating for fewer jobs reduced from 27.6 to 24.1 percent, essentially those anticipating for markup in their earnings increased from 11.1 to 14.9 percent. The consumer confidence is useful since it assists the executives to determine the course of their decisions. Their confidence creates an indication of their disposition of consumption that helps in the determination of the level production in order to provide at the cost effective levels. The factors that affect the conversion of the consumer confidence in the economy are income. An increase in the level of the consumer leads to a greater increase on the level of expenditure. This is because of the Multiplier which tends to overestimate the spending up to 2.5 times. The degree of spending magnifies the amount of income in the economy.Advertising We will w rite a custom research paper sample on The National Summary of the economic activity and level of the nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The expectations of business executives have reduced over the past few months. This refers to the last two quarters and finally at its lowest level over the last two years’ duration. The confidence reduced from 55 to the present 42 showing a significant reduction. They assessed their activity being extremely optimistic about 19 percent showing an improvement in comparison to the 2011. Those who expected improvement in economic conditions for the next six months were about 19 percent from 43 percent. While those with a negative expectation reduced from 44 percent to 22 percent (The Conference Board Consumer). The consumer confidence and the executives vary in different dimensions, which is the reason why different CEOs have differentiated suggestions. On the basis of their way each year th irty percent responded had an increase in their plans of capital spending. Most of them increased sales volume. Others had a reason for the decline in the most popular for decreasing spending plans. I predict that the Committee meeting is going to be on May 2012 since it is the first quarterly of next year. However, the conclusion that I predict that they will need is to increase their level of capital investment in order to cope with the positive economic environment. The other decision is to increase the capacity of inventory in order to increase the number of output as a means of maximizing profit. Works Cited Beige book. Federal Reserve Districts. 2011. Web. www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/beigebook/2010/default.htm. The Conference Board Consumer. Confidence Index Improves CEO Confidence Declines. 2011 Web. from www.conferenceboard.org. This research paper on The National Summary of the economic activity and level of the nation was written and submitted by user Finnegan Gallegos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.